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Hafnium

Hf

INTRODUCTION

Hafnium is one of the transition elements of the periodic table.It Hafnium is found in nearly all ores of zirconium and is 45th in order of abundance of the elements in Earth’s crust.

It resembles zirconium so closely in chemical properties and crystal structure that separation of the two elements is extremely difficult. Separation is accomplished most efficiently by means of the ion-exchange technique.

BASIC INFORMATIONS

  • Atomic Number
  • 72
  • Atomic Mass
  • 178.49
  • Atomic radius
  • 0.144
  • Ionization energy
  • 760
  • Electronic config
  • 2,8,18,32,10,2
  • Principal Valency
  • +2
  • Density g/cm³
  • 13.28
  • Melting point °C
  • 2233
  • Boiling point °C
  • 4603
  • Type of Element
  • Metal
  • Electronegativity
  • 1.1
  • Element Category
  • Titanium Group
  • Appearance
  • White solid
  • Block
  • d-block
  • Period
  • 6
  • Group
  • 4
  • No of Isotopes
  • 36
  • Occurrence
  • Combine form
  • Abundance in ppm
  • 2.8
  • Year of Discovery
  • 1923

EXTRACTION

It is obtain by reduction of its compound

OXIDATION STATES

+4,+3,+2 (Amphoteric)

MAJOR SOURCE

Zirconium ores

EXAMPLES OF COMPOUND PRESENT

Hafnyl nitrate

ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE

* Hafnium is useful where high corrosion resistance and high transformation temperature are required.

* Hafnium is used to make rods for regulating the free neutron levels in the nuclear reactor.

* It is used with zirconium as a structural material in nuclear power plants.

* Hafnium is used in the manufacture of tungsten filaments.

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