INTRODUCTION
Lead is a dense, bluish-gray metallic element which was one of the first known metals.It was used by the Romans for making water pipes, soldered with an alloy of lead and tin. It is toxic when taken internally.
Lead is a soft, malleable, ductile metal. When gently heated it can be forced through annular holes or dies. It has low tensile strength and is a poor conductor of electricity. Its freshly cut surface has a bright silvery luster.
BASIC INFORMATIONS
- Atomic Number
- 82
- Atomic Mass
- 207.2
- Atomic radius
- 0.146
- Ionization energy
- 715
- Electronic config
- 2,8,18,32,18,4
- Principal Valency
- +4
- Density g/cm³
- 11.34
- Melting point °C
- 327.46
- Boiling point °C
- 1749
- Type of Element
- Metal
- Electronegativity
- 1.8
- Element Category
- Carbon Family
- Appearance
- bluish gray solid
- Block
- p-block
- Period
- 6
- Group
- 14
- No of Isotopes
- 38
- Occurrence
- Combine form
- Abundance in ppm
- 13
- Year of Discovery
- N/A
EXTRACTION
It is converted to its oxide and then reduce by carbon (Coke)
OXIDATION STATES
+4,+3,+2,+1 (Amphoteric)
MAJOR SOURCE
Galena
EXAMPLES OF COMPOUND PRESENT
Lead hydroxide, Lead chromate, Lead tetraethyl
ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE
* Lead is used in enormous quantities in storage batteries and in sheathing electric cables.
* Due to its high density and nuclear properties, lead is used extensively as protective shielding for radioactive material.
* Lead is consumed in considerable amount in the form of its compounds, particularly in paints and pigments.
* It is Largely used in industry for lining pipes, tanks, and X-ray apparatus.
