INTRODUCTION
Manganese occur in the free state only in meteors, but is widely distributed over the world in the form of ores,such as pyrolusite,rhodochrosite,franklinite,psilomelane and manganite.
Its name was coin from the Latin word magnes (magnet) and was chosen because pyrolusite is magnetic.Manganese is the 12th most abundance elements on the Earth's crust.
BASIC INFORMATIONS
- Atomic Number
- 25
- Atomic Mass
- 54.938044
- Atomic radius
- 0.117
- Ionization energy
- 717
- Electronic config
- 2,8,13,2
- Principal Valency
- +2
- Density g/cm³
- 7.43
- Melting point °C
- 1246
- Boiling point °C
- 2061
- Type of Element
- Metal
- Electronegativity
- 1.5
- Element Category
- Manganese Group
- Appearance
- Silvery white solid
- Block
- d-block
- Period
- 7
- Group
- 4
- No of Isotopes
- 26
- Occurrence
- Combine form
- Abundance in ppm
- 1060
- Year of Discovery
- 1774
EXTRACTION
It is extracted by reducing it's oxide
OXIDATION STATES
+7,+6,+5,+4,+3,+2,+1,-1,-2,-3 (Acidic,Basic or Amphoteric)
MAJOR SOURCE
Manganite, Pyrolusite, Rhodochrosite
EXAMPLES OF COMPOUND PRESENT
Manganese dioxide, Manganese sulfate, Sodium and potassium permanganate
ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE
* Small amounts of manganese are added to steel as a deoxidizer and large amounts to produce a very tough alloy,resistant to wear.
* It is used in the form of wire for accurate electrical measurements since its electrical conductivity does not vary appreciably with temperature.
* It is utilize in dry-cell batteries as a depolarizer,in paint and varnish oils,for colouring glass and ceramics and in preparing chlorine and iodine.
* Sodium and potassium permanganate are dark purple crystals,formed by the oxidation of acidified manganese salts and used as oxidizers and disinfectants.
