INTRODUCTION
Nickel was used as coinage in nickel-copper alloys for several thousand years,but was not recognized as an elemental substance until 1751.It is silvery white, magnetic metallic element used majorly in making alloys.
It is the 22nd most abundance element in crustal rock and occur as a metal in meteors.
BASIC INFORMATIONS
- Atomic Number
- 28
- Atomic Mass
- 58.6934
- Atomic radius
- 0.155
- Ionization energy
- 736
- Electronic config
- 2,8,16,2 or 2,8,17,1
- Principal Valency
- +2 or +1
- Density g/cm³
- 8.91
- Melting point °C
- 1455
- Boiling point °C
- 2913
- Type of Element
- Metal
- Electronegativity
- 1.8
- Element Category
- Nickel Group
- Appearance
- Silvery white solid
- Block
- d-block
- Period
- 4
- Group
- 10
- No of Isotopes
- 31
- Occurrence
- Combine form
- Abundance in ppm
- 99
- Year of Discovery
- 1751
EXTRACTION
It is converted to its oxide and then reduce by carbon
OXIDATION STATES
+4,+3,+2,+1,-1 (Weakly Basic)
MAJOR SOURCE
pyrrhotite, pentlandite
EXAMPLES OF COMPOUND PRESENT
Nickel carbonyl
ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE
* Nickel steel is used in automobile parts such as axles,crankshafts,gears,valves, rods in machine parts and in armor plate.
* Finely divided nickel absorbs 17 times its own volume of hydrogen and is used as a catalyst in many processes, including the hydrogenation of oils.
* It is used as a protective and ornamental coating for metals,particularly iron and steel,that are susceptible to corrosion.
* The Nickel coins used for currency are an alloy of 25 percent nickel and 75 percent copper.
