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Potassium

K

INTRODUCTION

Potassium name comes from potash, a potassium compound originally obtained by soaking wood ash in a pot of water and allowing the water to evaporate.It is extremely soft very reactive metallic element.

It is found in nature in large quantities,ranking eighth in order of abundance of the elements in Earth’s crust,in various minerals such as carnallite, feldspar, saltpeter, greensand, and sylvite.

BASIC INFORMATIONS

  • Atomic Number
  • 19
  • Atomic Mass
  • 39.0983
  • Atomic radius
  • 0.203
  • Ionization energy
  • 419
  • Electronic config
  • 2,8,8,1
  • Principal Valency
  • +1
  • Density g/cm³
  • 0.86
  • Melting point °C
  • 68.38
  • Boiling point °C
  • 759
  • Type of Element
  • Metal
  • Electronegativity
  • 0.8
  • Element Category
  • Alkaline Metal
  • Appearance
  • Silvery white solid
  • Block
  • s-block
  • Period
  • 4
  • Group
  • 1
  • No of Isotopes
  • 25
  • Occurrence
  • Combine form
  • Abundance in ppm
  • 18400
  • Year of Discovery
  • 1807

EXTRACTION

It is extracted by the electrolysis of it's fused salt (often Halides)

OXIDATION STATES

+1 (Strongly Basic)

MAJOR SOURCE

carnallite,feldspar, altpeter,greensand.

EXAMPLES OF COMPOUND PRESENT

Potassium tetraoxosulphate(VI), Potassium trioxochlorate(V),

ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE

* It's compound KOH is used in the manufacture of soap and is an important chemical reagent.

* Potassium chlorate is a powerful oxidizing agent and is used in matches,fireworks and explosives,as a disinfectant and as a source of oxygen.

* Potassium hydrogen tartrate, ommonly known as cream of tartar,is a white solid used in baking powder and in medicine.

* Potassium permanganate (a purple crystalline solid) is used as a disinfectant and germicide and as an oxidizing agent in many important chemical reactions.

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