INTRODUCTION
Ruthenium is quite rare; it ranks about 80th in natural abundance among elements in crustal rocks.Its is coin from the region of Ruthenia, which is now part of Ukraine.
It occur in the metallic state as a tiny percentage of platinum ores.
BASIC INFORMATIONS
- Atomic Number
- 44
- Atomic Mass
- 101.107
- Atomic radius
- 0.124
- Ionization energy
- 711
- Electronic config
- 2,8,18,15,1
- Principal Valency
- +1
- Density g/cm³
- 12.41
- Melting point °C
- 2334
- Boiling point °C
- 4150
- Type of Element
- Metal
- Electronegativity
- 2.2
- Element Category
- Iron Group
- Appearance
- Gray white solid
- Block
- d-block
- Period
- 5
- Group
- 8
- No of Isotopes
- 34
- Occurrence
- Combine form
- Abundance in ppm
- 0.0001
- Year of Discovery
- 1844
EXTRACTION
It is obtain from the electrolytic refinning of Nickel
OXIDATION STATES
+8,+7,+6,+4,+3,+2,+1,-2 (Mildly Acidic)
MAJOR SOURCE
Platinum ore
EXAMPLES OF COMPOUND PRESENT
RuF3 RuO4 RuCl4
ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE
* Ruthenium alloys have a high resistance to wear and are used in the manufacture of jewelry, in porcelain-metal restorations in dentistry.
* It is also used in the production of the tips for fountain-pen nibs, and for nonmagnetic instrument pivots.
* Pure ruthenium is superior to platinum in resistance to attack by acids, including aqua regia.
* The alloy ruthenium-molybdenum act as a superconductor at temperatures below -263°C.
