INTRODUCTION
Silicon is the second most common element on Earth, after oxygen.The element’s name comes from the Latin word for flint, a mineral that contains silicon.It constitutes about 28 percent of the earth's crust and does not occur in the free, elemental state.
It is not attacked by nitric, hydrochloric, or sulfuric acids, but it dissolves in hydrofluoric acid, forming the gas, silicon tetrafluoride.It's compound constitute nearly 40 percent of all common minerals.
BASIC INFORMATIONS
- Atomic Number
- 14
- Atomic Mass
- 14
- Atomic radius
- 0.117
- Ionization energy
- 786
- Electronic config
- 2,8,4
- Principal Valency
- +4
- Density g/cm³
- 2.34
- Melting point °C
- 1414
- Boiling point °C
- 2355
- Type of Element
- Metalloid
- Electronegativity
- 1.8
- Element Category
- Carbon Family
- Appearance
- Black Solid
- Block
- p-block
- Period
- 3
- Group
- 14
- No of Isotopes
- 24
- Occurrence
- Combine form
- Abundance in ppm
- 272,000
- Year of Discovery
- 1823
EXTRACTION
It extracted by reducing it's oxide by carbon.
OXIDATION STATES
+4,+3,+2,+1,-1,-2,-3,-4 (Amphoteric)
MAJOR SOURCE
silicon dioxide (Silica)
EXAMPLES OF COMPOUND PRESENT
Trioxosilicate(IV)acid silicon(IV)oxide
ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE
* Silicon made it possible for the development and widespread application of transistors and integrated circuits used in the electronics industry.
* Silica and silicates are used in the manufacture of glass, glazes, enamels, cement, and porcelain, and have important individual applications.
* Silica gel are used as a drying and decolorizing agent due to it's ability to absorbs water and other substances.
* The aqueous solution of sodium silicate is used for preserving eggs and as a substitute for glue in making boxes and other containers.
